Biomechanical Analysis of Tennis Spin Serve Technique Using Kinovea in Beginner Athletes in South Sulawesi
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This study aims to analyze the spin serve technique in novice tennis players, with an emphasis on trunk rotation and dynamic balance, using Kinovea motion analysis software. A total of 30 novice athletes, aged 14–16 years, from South Sulawesi, became the subjects in this study. Data were collected through high-speed video recording from three angles and analyzed using Kinovea to observe seven stages of tennis court service, namely: coiling, ball toss, backswing, uncoiling, strike zone, follow-through, and fall-in. The results showed that the effective spin serve technique is greatly influenced by optimal trunk rotation with an average of 8.32 and good dynamic balance with an average of 72.03. These findings indicate that players with proper trunk rotation and balance tend to produce more accurate and powerful serves. Kinovea has been proven effective as an objective tool in evaluating the quality of the spin serve technique.
Ians Aprilo, Poppy Elisano Arfanda, M. Adam Mappaompo, Yusnadi, Andi Rizal, & Hasbi Asyhari. (2025). Biomechanical Analysis of Tennis Spin Serve Technique Using Kinovea in Beginner Athletes in South Sulawesi. Journal Physical Health Recreation (JPHR), 5(2), 472–478. https://doi.org/10.55081/jphr.v5i2.3943
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Aprilo, I., Asmawi, M., & Tangkudung, J. (2019). Concept Development on Spin Serve Exercise Model of Lawn Tennis Based Kinovea. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Advanced Multidisciplinary Research (ICAMR 2018), 28–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/icamr-18.2019.8
Aprilo, I., Asmawi, M., & Tangkudung, J. (2021). The Effectiveness Of Exercise Spin Serve Model. Journal of Indonesian Physical Education and Sport, 7(1), 14–27.
Aprilo, I., Asmawi, M., & Tangkudung, J. (2022). Kinovea-Based?: Tennis Spin Serve Analysis. Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreations, 11(2), 7985. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/active.v11i2.55643
Aprilo, I., Hakim, H., Arfanda, P. E., Susilo, & Halim, A. (2023). Coiling Exercises Effect On Tennis Spin Serve. Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreations, 12(3), 247–253.
Beckmanni, J., Fimpel, L., & Wergin, V. V. (2021). Preventing a loss of accuracy of the tennis serve under pressure. PLoS ONE, 16(July), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255060
Brocherie, F., & Dinu, D. (2022). Biomechanical estimation of tennis serve using inertial sensors: A case study. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.962941
Caballero, C., Barbado, D., Hérnandez-Davó, H., Hernández-Davó, J. L., & Moreno, F. J. (2021). Balance dynamics are related to age and levels of expertise. Application in young and adult tennis players. PLoS ONE, 16(4 April), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249941
Carboch, J. (2016). The toss of the professional and the competitive tennis player: serving from the ad-court. Auc Kinanthropologica, 52(1), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.14712/23366052.2016.4
Ergin, E., & Arslan, E. (2020). The Effect of 8 Week Balance Training on the Agility, Strength, Balance Performance and Tennis Skills of 10-14 Year Old Tennis Players. 170–180.
Gorce, P., & Jacquier-Bret, J. (2024). Are there kinematic and kinetic parameters correlated with racket velocity during the tennis serve? A preliminary comparison between a slow and a fast serve for performance improvement. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6(October), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1451174
Jacquier-Bret, J., & Gorce, P. (2024). Kinematics characteristics of key point of interest during tennis serve among tennis players: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6(July). https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1432030
Kocib, T., Carboch, J., Cabela, M., & Kresta, J. (2020). Tactics in tennis doubles: analysis of the formations used by the serving and receiving teams. International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports, 9(2), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijpefs2026
Lambrich, J., & Muehlbauer, T. (2022). Physical fitness and stroke performance in healthy tennis players with different competition levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 17(6 June), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269516
Lambrich, J., & Muehlbauer, T. (2023). Biomechanical analyses of different serve and groundstroke techniques in tennis: A systematic scoping review. PLoS ONE, 18(8 August), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290320
Murata, M., & Fujii, N. (2022). Control of the spin in a tennis serve focusing on the motion of the upper limb and trunk. Taiikugaku Kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences), 59(2), n/a. https://doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.14007.e
Novak, D., Sinkovi?, F., Bili?, Z., & Barbaros, P. (2023). The Effects of a Short Virtual Reality Training Program on Dynamic Balance in Tennis Players. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8040168
Palmer, K., Jones, D., Morgan, C., & Zeppieri, G. (2018). Relationship Between Range of Motion, Strength, Motor Control, Power, and the Tennis Serve in Competitive-Level Tennis Players: A Pilot Study. Sports Health, 10(5), 462–467. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738118785348
Shi, Z., Xuan, S., Deng, Y., Zhang, X., Chen, L., Xu, B., & Lin, B. (2023). The effect of rope jumping training on the dynamic balance ability and hitting stability among adolescent tennis players. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31817-z
van Trigt, B., Faneker, E., Leenen, A. J. R., Hoekstra, A. E., & Hoozemans, M. J. M. (2024). Uncovering the hidden mechanics of upper body rotations in tennis serves using wearable sensors on Dutch professional players. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6(January). https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1463299
Zemková, E., & Ková?iková, Z. (2023). Sport-specific training induced adaptations in postural control and their relationship with athletic performance. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 16(January). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.1007804
Zhang, Y., & Chen, Z. (2024). Kinematic differences in forehand serve-receiving techniques of the male tennis players at low and high-speed serves. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 26586. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77564-7
Aprilo, I., Asmawi, M., & Tangkudung, J. (2021). The Effectiveness Of Exercise Spin Serve Model. Journal of Indonesian Physical Education and Sport, 7(1), 14–27.
Aprilo, I., Asmawi, M., & Tangkudung, J. (2022). Kinovea-Based?: Tennis Spin Serve Analysis. Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreations, 11(2), 7985. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/active.v11i2.55643
Aprilo, I., Hakim, H., Arfanda, P. E., Susilo, & Halim, A. (2023). Coiling Exercises Effect On Tennis Spin Serve. Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreations, 12(3), 247–253.
Beckmanni, J., Fimpel, L., & Wergin, V. V. (2021). Preventing a loss of accuracy of the tennis serve under pressure. PLoS ONE, 16(July), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255060
Brocherie, F., & Dinu, D. (2022). Biomechanical estimation of tennis serve using inertial sensors: A case study. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.962941
Caballero, C., Barbado, D., Hérnandez-Davó, H., Hernández-Davó, J. L., & Moreno, F. J. (2021). Balance dynamics are related to age and levels of expertise. Application in young and adult tennis players. PLoS ONE, 16(4 April), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249941
Carboch, J. (2016). The toss of the professional and the competitive tennis player: serving from the ad-court. Auc Kinanthropologica, 52(1), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.14712/23366052.2016.4
Ergin, E., & Arslan, E. (2020). The Effect of 8 Week Balance Training on the Agility, Strength, Balance Performance and Tennis Skills of 10-14 Year Old Tennis Players. 170–180.
Gorce, P., & Jacquier-Bret, J. (2024). Are there kinematic and kinetic parameters correlated with racket velocity during the tennis serve? A preliminary comparison between a slow and a fast serve for performance improvement. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6(October), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1451174
Jacquier-Bret, J., & Gorce, P. (2024). Kinematics characteristics of key point of interest during tennis serve among tennis players: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6(July). https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1432030
Kocib, T., Carboch, J., Cabela, M., & Kresta, J. (2020). Tactics in tennis doubles: analysis of the formations used by the serving and receiving teams. International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports, 9(2), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijpefs2026
Lambrich, J., & Muehlbauer, T. (2022). Physical fitness and stroke performance in healthy tennis players with different competition levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 17(6 June), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269516
Lambrich, J., & Muehlbauer, T. (2023). Biomechanical analyses of different serve and groundstroke techniques in tennis: A systematic scoping review. PLoS ONE, 18(8 August), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290320
Murata, M., & Fujii, N. (2022). Control of the spin in a tennis serve focusing on the motion of the upper limb and trunk. Taiikugaku Kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences), 59(2), n/a. https://doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.14007.e
Novak, D., Sinkovi?, F., Bili?, Z., & Barbaros, P. (2023). The Effects of a Short Virtual Reality Training Program on Dynamic Balance in Tennis Players. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8040168
Palmer, K., Jones, D., Morgan, C., & Zeppieri, G. (2018). Relationship Between Range of Motion, Strength, Motor Control, Power, and the Tennis Serve in Competitive-Level Tennis Players: A Pilot Study. Sports Health, 10(5), 462–467. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738118785348
Shi, Z., Xuan, S., Deng, Y., Zhang, X., Chen, L., Xu, B., & Lin, B. (2023). The effect of rope jumping training on the dynamic balance ability and hitting stability among adolescent tennis players. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31817-z
van Trigt, B., Faneker, E., Leenen, A. J. R., Hoekstra, A. E., & Hoozemans, M. J. M. (2024). Uncovering the hidden mechanics of upper body rotations in tennis serves using wearable sensors on Dutch professional players. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6(January). https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1463299
Zemková, E., & Ková?iková, Z. (2023). Sport-specific training induced adaptations in postural control and their relationship with athletic performance. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 16(January). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.1007804
Zhang, Y., & Chen, Z. (2024). Kinematic differences in forehand serve-receiving techniques of the male tennis players at low and high-speed serves. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 26586. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77564-7
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