Systematic Literature Review: Implementasi Teknologi Analisis Biomekanika pada Gerakan Passing dan Shooting Bola Basket
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Systematic literature review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi teknologi analisis biomekanika pada gerakan passing dan shooting bola basket serta mengevaluasi efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan performa atlet. Metode penelitian menggunakan systematic literature review dengan kerangka PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) sesuai panduan PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada database PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, dan repositori universitas dengan kata kunci "biomechanical analysis", "motion capture", "basketball", "passing", "shooting", dan "technology" dalam periode publikasi 2019-2025. Kriteria inklusi meliputi penelitian eksperimental dan observasional yang menggunakan teknologi biomekanika untuk analisis gerakan passing dan shooting bola basket pada atlet usia 12-30 tahun. Total 29 artikel memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik dan meta-sintesis naratif. Hasil systematic review mengidentifikasi lima kategori utama teknologi: motion capture systems (optical-based 65,5%, markerless 31,0%), force plate analysis (41,4%), electromyography (EMG) (27,6%), inertial measurement units (IMUs) (34,5%), dan 3D kinematic analysis (79,3%). Teknologi motion capture menunjukkan akurasi tinggi dalam analisis shooting dengan improvement shooting accuracy 8-14% dan passing precision 12-18%. Optical motion capture systems memberikan presisi hingga 0,2mm dengan frame rate 120-360 fps, sedangkan markerless systems menunjukkan kemudahan implementasi dengan akurasi 85-95% untuk key joint tracking. EMG analysis mengungkapkan optimal muscle activation patterns untuk shooting (peak activation 0,15-0,25s before release) dan passing (coordination index 0,78-0,86). Force plate measurements menunjukkan ground reaction forces 1,2-1,8 times body weight untuk optimal shooting performance. Systematic review ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi teknologi analisis biomekanika memberikan insights objektif dan measureable untuk optimalisasi teknik passing dan shooting, dengan optical motion capture dan 3D kinematic analysis sebagai gold standard untuk precision training dan performance enhancement dalam basketball.
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